Malaria Vector Surveillance and Insecticide Resistance Monitoring and Management

As global efforts to control and eliminate malaria intensify, vector control interventions are being extensively deployed in the context of the World Health Organization (WHO)-led integrated vector management (IVM) strategy [1]. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide treated nets (ITNs), supplemented by focalized larval source management, have been harnessed for interrupting transmission [2]. Unfortunately, the efficacy of both IRS and ITNs risks to be markedly undermined by the selection of insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors [3] and their increasing behavioural shifts towards more exophilic, zoophic and/or exophagic and crepuscular-biting tendencies [4]. It is critical for malaria vector control programmes to establish vector surveillance systems that monitor spatio-temporal changes in vector behaviour and biology in order to guide deployment of vector control tools.